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2026-01-29 18:13:06 UTC

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NEW RESEARCH: #Bitcoin Core Technical Debt

26.8% of Bitcoin Core's codebase has high technical debt (1,108 of 4,134 files) - 2.7x above the industry healthy threshold of <10%.

Analysis of 15,884 merged PRs shows:

• Patch-to-refactor ratio: 3.0 (at the concerning threshold; 1:1 is ideal)

• RPC subsystem: 61.5% high debt (critical; industry threshold is <40%)

• Debt accelerates: Files with 50+ modifications have 9.7 patches per refactor (vs <5:1 standard)

• Even new code: 31.5% high debt (vs <10% standard)

• Consensus code: Better maintained - 38.5% high debt but refactored as often as patched (1:1 ratio)

• Top debt files: init.cpp, main.cpp, rpc.cpp (scores 87-90, 13-15 years old, rarely refactored)

Bitcoin Core exceeds multiple industry thresholds, indicating systematic refactoring is needed, especially in the RPC subsystem.

github.com/secsovereign/b…